Frequently Asked Question
What is Agency?
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An Introduction
Until recently, if you were looking for a home to buy, you only had one
way of working with a real estate agent. This involved having an agent
or agents show you homes on behalf of the seller of those homes. As a
buyer/customer, you were not represented by anyone except yourself.
Negotiations over price and terms were entirely your responsibility. Now
there is another way: Buyer Agency. This method of representation would
enable you to have your Realtor® act on your behalf in all negotiations.
This insures that your interests are upheld. You will become the client
of that Realtor®, who will be bound by written agreement to be your
advocate in finding and buying your next home.
In some cities across the United States, Buyer Agency is employed in
an increasing number of home purchases. It is not mandatory, however,
that you choose this form of representation. You may continue to be
shown houses by one or more agents who represent the seller and
negotiate on your own behalf. Before you make up your mind, I recommend
you read the definitions of the different types of Agency and make an
informed decision.
The Jeffrey Fowler Group would be happy to answer any questions you might have on
Common Law Agency and the new law for Statutory Agency in
Delaware.
Please contact us
for more information.
The State of Delaware changed the Law in 2007 and now uses
Statutory Agency. Please reference
Delaware CIS Consumer Information Statement for more information.
Traditional Common Law Agency is below.
The agency relationship is based on one person representing the
interests of another person. Real Estate agents are licensed by the
state to represent a person for the sale or lease of a property. The
responsibility of the real estate agent is defined by the state law
relating to agents, the Realtors® Code of Ethics and general principles
of agency law.
The type of relationship formed between the agent and the client is
called a fiduciary relationship. A fiduciary relationship is one based
on trust, because the agent owes the following duties to the client:
- Loyalty
- Diligence
- Confidentiality
- Obedience
- Disclosure
- Accounting and
- Reasonable Care
The Delaware Courts strictly enforce the agency duties so that the client can
rely on the agent putting the client's interest before that of anyone
else. The courts also require that the real estate agent be fair and
honest in all aspects of the transaction.
The source of the compensation does not, in and of itself, determine
agency. It can be paid by the buyer, seller or both. However, there must
be disclosure and informed consent as to whom is paying, in writing in
advance.
In real estate transaction, an agency is formed between the Real
Estate Broker and the client. The client generally works with one agent
who is associated with the Broker. The client may be either a buyer or
seller.
Traditional Seller Agency – All Agents Represent Seller
Historically throughout the country, real estate agents usually have
been representing only the seller in real estate transactions. That
meant that all the fiduciary duties were owed to the seller, even if the
agent was working with the buyer.
This is accomplished through a system called sub-agency. The real
estate company that lists the property is called the listing broker. The
real estate company working with the buyer is called the sub-agent
because the company actually works for the listing broker. Although the
Buyer is provided service by a real estate agent, the buyer in this
arrangement has no true agency representation.
Agency duties are owed directly to the seller in all transactions
where there is no Buyer Agent. This is true of most real estate
companies in the United States. Buyers in this arrangement must be
careful not to divulge any information that they do not want the seller
to know, i.e., the highest price they will pay for the property.
The system has worked well for many years. Provided that the buyer is
aware that the agent represents the seller, the buyer should not rely on
the agent for assistance in determining an offering price that is other
than the asking price, or for any other advice that might not be in the
Seller's best interest.
Buyer Agency – Buyer and Seller are Equally Represented
Recently buyers have become aware that real estate agents have
considerable knowledge that could be of great assistance in deciding
what property to purchase. In many areas of the country, Buyer Agency
has become as prevalent as the traditional Seller Agency/Sub-Agency type
of business.
When a buyer is represented by an agent, all the fiduciary duties are
owed to the buyer and not the seller. The buyer has the freedom to
discuss the value of properties, negotiating strategies and personal
finances with the agent. The buyer can obtain the opinion of the buyer's
agent concerning the condition of the property, the effect of
improvements, the seller's motivation for selling, and other information
which a seller's agent should not provide.
A buyer's agent will make a commitment to make every reasonable
effort to locate the property described by the buyer. This includes
searching for homes that may be available for sale but are not listed
with a real estate company. Although the traditional agent will work
hard to find the perfect property for your needs, the traditional agent
has some limitations because of the duties owed to the seller.
Most real estate companies list properties for sale, thereby forming
an agency relationship with the seller. The seller's agent is obligated
to put the seller's interest first.
Dual Agency – Buyer and Seller are Equally Represented Within the
Same Brokerage
Re/Max Realty Group lists properties for sale,
thereby forming an agency relationship with sellers. Throughout the
listing period, the seller develops an increasing level of trust in the
agent, who is obligated to put the seller's interests first. Re/Max Realty Group may
also form agency relationships with buyers, who
develop an increasing level of trust in the agent, who is obligated to
put the buyer's interests first. One example of a buyer agency is an
agent working with a close relative, friend or former client. It is easy
to understand how such a buyer would expect the agent to give advice and
put his/her interests first.
Should a buyer client be interested in purchasing a property that is
listed with the same broker, a dual agency is created. Technically, dual
agency arises when one broker (Re/Max Realty Group) has a relationship
with two clients who have opposing goals (buyer and seller). Very often
the clients are working with different agents each of whom does not have
a personal relationship with the other client. When a dual agency is
formed, the Broker must immediately notify each client.
If a dual agency arises, the clients and agents agree to limit the
agency relationship so that the agents do not disclose any information
that would create a negotiating advantage or disadvantage for either
client. The agents must treat the interests of the buyer and seller
equally.
Dual agency sometimes happens, and when it does the agency
relationship is altered. But everyone's goal remains the same - To buy
or sell a property.
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